Smart Charging Adoption
Papers
Conference Paper - IEEE VPPC 2024
Hu, P., Tarroja, B., Dean, M., Forrest, K., Hittinger, E., Jenn, A., & Helveston, J. P. (2024). Measuring consumer willingness to enroll in battery electric vehicle smart charging programs. 2024 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC63154.2024.10755299
Conference Paper - TRB 2025
Hu, P., Tarroja, B., Dean, M., Forrest, K., Hittinger, E., Jenn, A., & Helveston, J. P. (2025). Measuring consumer willingness to enroll in battery electric vehicle smart charging programs (Paper No. TRBAM-25-01317). Paper accepted for presentation at the Transportation Research Board 104th Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.
Abstract
As power systems transition to renewable energy, integrating Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) into grid operations becomes crucial for optimizing resources and integrating renewable energy sources. This study examines two grid-integration strategies: Supplier-Managed Charging (SMC), which gives utilities control over charging timing, and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), which transforms BEVs into distributed energy storage resources. Using a discrete choice experiment with 1,356 current BEV owners, we quantify how program attributes influence enrollment decisions. Our multinomial logit models reveal that SMC participants predominantly value operational flexibility and recurring payments, while V2G participants prefer monetary incentives, indicating willingness to provide grid services for compensation. Through simulation analysis, we identify program “attribute equivalencies” that quantify changes needed in attributes to achieve equivalent enrollment levels. These findings offer insights for developing market mechanisms and policy frameworks that accelerate BEV integration into future energy systems while supporting power system decarbonization.
Keywords
Grid integration, Vehicle-to-grid, Energy storage, Smart charging, Consumer preferences, Discrete choice experiment
Highlights
- Largest survey to date (N=1,356) of BEV owners’ stated preferences for grid-integration programs.
- Quantified how smart charging and V2G program attributes influence grid service participation.
- Revealed distinct preference patterns: flexibility drives SMC while compensation drives V2G.
- Developed attribute equivalencies to facilitate grid-integration program design.